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BR Standard Class 8
The BR Standard Class 8 was a class of 4-6-2 ''Pacific'' steam locomotive designed by Robert Riddles for use by British Railways. Only the prototype was constructed, which was named ''Duke of Gloucester''. Constructed at Crewe Works in 1954, the ''Duke'', as it is popularly known, was a replacement for the destroyed Princess Royal Class locomotive number 46202 ''Princess Anne'', which was involved in the Harrow and Wealdstone rail disaster of 1952.〔
The ''Duke'' was based on the BR Standard Class 7 ''Britannia'' design. It incorporated three sets of modified Caprotti valve gear, relatively new to British locomotive engineering and more efficient than Walschaerts or Stephenson valve gear. The ''Duke'' was regarded as a failure by locomotive crews due to its poor steaming characteristics and its heavy fuel consumption. Trials undertaken by British Railways also returned negative feedback, reporting problems with the poor draughting of the locomotive which resulted in difficulty adhering to the timetables.
The result was an operational period of only eight years. This unique locomotive was saved from being scrapped at Woodham Brothers scrapyard in Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, South Wales when it was purchased by a group of railway enthusiasts who restored it from scrapyard to as-built condition in 13 years. Since then, modifications have been made to the original design, resulting in one of the most efficient and powerful steam locomotives ever to run in Britain.〔The Duke of Gloucester Locomotive Trust (2007)(The changes of the locomotive's characteristics ) retrieved 30 August 2007〕 As a result, the ''Duke of Gloucester'' can frequently be seen on the mainline around Britain.
== Background ==
Riddles had frequently argued the case for the inclusion of a Standard Class 8 ''Pacific'' into the standard range of locomotives being introduced by British Railways. However, these proposals were rejected by the Railway Executive on the grounds of cost in attempting to develop a form of steam motive power that was not necessarily required for use on Britain's railways, as there were enough class 8 locomotives already available for use. However, opportunity came out of adversity when the short-lived rebuild of The Turbomotive, 46202 ''Princess Anne'', was destroyed in the Harrow and Wealdstone rail disaster of 1952.〔Langston, Keith: ''Made in Crewe: 150 Years of Engineering Excellence'',p. 64 ISBN 0-9552868-0-8〕 A gap now existed in the roster for locomotives with 8P power classification, of which the demand was high for the efficient operation of heavy expresses on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Scotland.〔'British Railways prototype class 8 express passenger locomotive' (''Railway Magazine''), p. 490〕 This presented Riddles with the perfect opportunity to press the case for his new design, a prototype of which was duly authorised for construction.〔'British Railways prototype class 8 express passenger locomotive' (''Railway Magazine''), p. 491〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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